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MQTT er en vigtig teknologi for virksomheder, der arbejder med IoT-applikationer, da den tilbyder en effektiv og pålidelig måde at kommunikere med enheder og systemer på.
MQTT står for Message Queuing Telemetry Transport, og det er en letvægts-kommunikationsprotokol, der bruges til at transmittere data mellem elektrisk udstyr via et netværk. Protokollen er designet til at være enkel, effektiv og pålidelig, hvilket gør den ideel til Internet of Things (IoT) og andre applikationer, hvor både båndbredde og ressourceforbrug er vigtige faktorer.
MQTT er blevet meget populær i IoT-applikationer, da det giver både pålidelig og effektiv kommunikation mellem forskellige udstyrer og systemer i et netværksmiljø.
Publisher-Subscriber-modellen: MQTT følger en publisher-subscriber-model, hvor udstyrer fungerer enten som publishere, der sender data, eller som subscribere, der modtager data. Dette gør det muligt for flere udstyret at kommunikere asynkront og decentraliseret.
Denne model gør det muligt for udstyr at kommunikere med hinanden uden at være direkte forbundet, hvilket øger fleksibiliteten og skalerbarheden i IoT-systemer.
Broker-baseret arkitektur: MQTT bruger en broker til at formidle kommunikationen mellem publishere og subscribere. Brokeren fungerer som en formidler, der modtager, videresender og leverer meddelelser mellem udstyrerne.
QoS (Quality of Service): MQTT understøtter forskellige niveauer af kvalitetstjeneste, der giver fleksibilitet i forhold til pålidelighed og leveringsgaranti. Dette inkluderer tre niveauer:
Eksempelvis leverer COMTRAXX®-enheder alle målte værdier fra Bender-systemet på MQTT-interfacet, hvor ‘Quality of Service’ niveauer (QoS) 0…2 understøttes.
Letvægtsprotokol: MQTT er designet til at være letvægtsprotokol og kræver derfor minimal båndbredde og ressourcer, hvilket gør den velegnet til udstyr med begrænsede ressourcer, såsom sensorer og mikrokontrollere. MQTTs lave båndbreddeforbrug gør den ideel til batteridrevne sensorer og andre enheder med begrænsede ressourcer.
Bevaring af beskeder: MQTT understøtter muligheden for at bevare beskeder, hvilket betyder, at en broker midlertidigt kan opbevare meddelelser, indtil en subscriber er klar til at modtage dem. Dette er nyttigt i situationer, hvor en subscriber ikke er online til at modtage en besked med det samme.
Sikkerhed: MQTT understøtter sikkerhedsforanstaltninger såsom TLS (Transport Layer Security) og brugerautorisation for at sikre fortrolighed, integritet og autentificering af data. MQTT bruger TLS til at kryptere dataoverførslen og brugerautorisation til at kontrollere, hvilke enheder der kan få adgang til data.
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