location
- fournais a/s
- Enrumvej 7
- DK - 2942 Skodsborg
- Telefon: +45 45 89 04 45
Flere og flere skibe får strøm fra land under deres ophold i havn. Dette bland andet for at reducere støj-, drivhusgas markant og for at opfylde emissionsbestemmelserne. Eksempelvis er en reduktion af drivhusgasser vanskelig at opnå, når det alene er skibenes dieselmotorer der forsyner skibene når de ligger i havn.
At levere strøm til skibe via landforsyning giver nogle udfordringer. Skibs bevægelser, tidevand og andre påvirkninger såsom vejr og korrosion belaster de anvendte kabler.
Den største udfordring er at sikre tilslutningen af beskyttelseslederen (PE) under strømforsyning fra land. Hvis der opstår kortslutning om bord på skibet under landtilslutning, løber kortslutningsstrømmen via beskyttelseslederen (PE) til jordingsanlægget på land. Hvis PE-forbindelsen fra skibet til land blev afbrudt i samme øjeblik kortslutningen opstår, vil kortslutningsstrømmen løbe til land/jord via skibsskroget, det tilstødende havnebassin med vand og landgangen. I dette tilfælde opstår der livsfare for både passagerer og besætning på grund af høj berøringsspænding, hvorved der er risiko for elektrisk stød.
Af denne grund kræver standarden IEC 80005-1 ”Landstrømstilslutninger til højspænding”, at PE-forbindelsen fra land til skib skal overvåges permanent. Tilsvarende, at i tilfælde af en afbrydelse af PE-lederen skal skibets landstrømsforsyning afbrydes.
Bender tilbyder en patenteret løsning til permanent overvågning af landtilslutningens beskyttelsesleder (PE).
Med GM401 sikres det, at såfremt PE-forbindelsen afbrydes, kan strømforsyningen fra land hurtigt afbrydes. Landtilslutningens beskyttelsesleder (PE) overvåges permanent ved hjælp af to forskellige målemetoder.
Med HPR-målingen (High Parallel Resistance) måles forbindelsen mellem skib og land pålideligt selv ved en stor parallel–modstand. Med LPR-målingen (Low Parallel Resistance) detekteres og alarmeres forskellen mellem PE-forbindelsen og vandet pålideligt, selv ved en lille modstand mellem skib og land, hvilket eksempelvis er tilfældet med brakvand i Hamburg havn Altona (her er modstanden kun omkring 1 ohm).
Landtilslutningens strømforsyning aktiveres kun, såfremt en af målingerne detekterer en tilstedeværelse (tilslutning) af PE-forbindelsen.
Det betyder, at først når tilslutningen af beskyttelseslederen (PE) er forbundet mellem skib og land, kan landtilslutningen forsyne skibet.
Det specifikke krav om overvågning af PE-lederen fremgår af standarden IEC 80005-1 afsnit 10.6.1
Den præcise ordlyd i standardens afsnit 10.6.1 om overvågning af PE-lederen er:
“The protective earth conductor shall be continuously monitored to ensure its integrity during the entire connection. In the event of a loss of continuity of the PE conductor, the shore connection shall be disconnected.”
Med GM401 sikres det, at potentialudligning mellem skib og land er til stede. Hvis PE-forbindelsen afbrydes, afbrydes strømforsyningen til skibet. Dette forhindrer, at passagerer og besætning ikke bringes i fare ved en eventuel kortslutningsstrøm, ledes via skibsskrog eller landgangsbroen.
GM401 kan anvendes til både mellemspændings- og lavspændingsapplikationer iht. IEC80005-3, og kan nemt integreres og monteres på DIN-skinne i landtilslutningens styretavle. Dette sparer tid og omkostninger, og forenkler installationen markant. GM401 kan derefter konfigureres let og uden brug af kompliceret programmering mv.
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